Sensitivity of Two Quinoa (ChenopodiumquinoaWilld.) Varieties to Progressive Drought Stress

Quinoa (ChenopodiumquinoaWilld.) is a highly nutritious Andean seed crop which shows great potential to grow under a range of hostile environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences of drought tolerance of a Bolivian (Achachino) and a Danish (Titicaca) variety, and especially drought‐related adaption strategies. Soil water status was expressed as the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW). Relative stomatal conductance (RSC), relative transpiration (RT) and relative leaf water potential (RLW) were calculated by determining stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf water potential of the drought‐treated plants relative to those of fully irrigated plants. The responses of RSC, RT and RLW to decreasing FTSW were described by a linear‐plateau model. The critical value of FTSW was the threshold of FTSW where the parameters studied decreased. The thresholds increased C_S for stomatal conductance, C_T for transpiration and C_Lfor leaf water potential. Achachino showed significantly lower C_T and C_L when compared with Titicaca, implying that transpiration and leaf water potential were less affected under mild drought conditions in the Bolivian variety. C_S in Achachino was significantly higher than C_L and C_T, which indicated that stomatal conductance declined before transpiration and leaf water potential were reduced. Such difference was found in Titicaca where reduction of leaf area had more effect on transpiration than stomatal closure. Slower growth rate and smaller leaf area in combination with a lower stomatal conductance was found to contribute to drought resistance in Achachino. ABA concentration in the xylem sap tended to increase in both varieties after 2 days onset of drought, prior to decline in leaf water potential. Titicaca showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher ABA concentration when compared with Achachino under both fully irrigated and drought conditions. Titicaca had higher xylem nutrient concentration in comparison with Achachino in both fully‐watered and drought plants at day 2 after onset of soil drying. It was concluded that Titicaca was more sensitive to progressive drought than Achachino which avoided water loss by means of lower growth rate and smaller leaf area.     

Present Situation and Prospect of Professional Grading and Loose-leaf Purchasing of Flue-cured Tobacco

针对目前我国烤烟专业化分级散叶收购的普遍实施。探讨了烤烟专分散收的优势，总结分析了专分散收过程中存在的问题，并针对这些问题提出了建议。以期为今后散叶收购工作的进一步推广提供实践经验。     

5个冬麦品种产量性状和叶片特征多样性分析

采用单因素完全随机设计,调查5个冬麦品种产量性状和叶片特征多样性。结果表明,5项产量相关性状指标(株高、穗长、主穗粒数、有效分蘖数、有效小穗数)在不同冬麦品种间差异均达显著水平;5个品种的上表皮气孔密度均多于下表皮,其中,上表皮气孔密度为62.67~71.11个/mm2,下表皮气孔密度为30.00~46.25个/mm2;叶脉总数为57.00~65.67条;叶脉密度为36.89~43.00条/mm。     

Temperature Before Cold Acclimation Affects Cold Tolerance and Photoacclimation in Timothy (Phleum pratense L.), Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

The expected temperature rise in late summer/early autumn can change the conditions for acclimation and affect the winter survival of perennial crops. This study examined the effect of the temperature just before the onset of cold acclimation (pre‐acclimation) on freezing tolerance of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) populations (both cultivars and breeding populations) adapted to either northern or southern parts of Norway. Using phytotron experiments, we studied whether increasing pre‐acclimation temperature delays growth cessation, affects photoacclimation and reduces freezing tolerance. Furthermore, we assessed whether these effects were related to the latitudinal adaptation of the plant material. The results showed that a rise in pre‐acclimation temperature decreased both cold acclimation capacity and photoacclimation in these species. This affected the freezing tolerance, which was reduced significantly more in northern‐adapted population of timothy and perennial ryegrass compared with southern‐adapted populations. Red clover was less affected by temperature changes than the grasses.     

野生老芒麦种质资源鉴定与基部叶鞘绒毛变异分析

为更好地利用老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)野生资源,本研究从我国青藏高原、西北、华北、东北地区以及国外部分地区共采集了1 723份野生披碱草属种质资源,通过表型特征观测和流式细胞仪检测,共鉴定出了990份野生老芒麦种质,246份垂穗披碱草种质,并测得老芒麦的DNA含量在5.86～7.30 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为6.66 Gb;垂穗披碱草材料的DNA含量在9.50～10.36 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为9.97 Gb。研究结果显示,在西北、华北以及东北地区的部分野生老芒麦材料在苗期基部叶鞘出现了绒毛,分析发现该表型出现的概率与经度和纬度呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与海拔、年年均气温以及年平均降雨量呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。表明老芒麦苗期基部叶鞘绒毛的有无与环境因子之间存在着必然的联系,可能是老芒麦种质应对不同环境类型的适应性机制之一。本研究为老芒麦的形态鉴定提供了新的依据,为老芒麦种质资源挖掘和育种应用提供了材料基础。     

安徽药用牡丹炭疽病病原菌鉴定

<正>牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)是芍药科植物,为多年生落叶灌木,具有很高的观赏和药用价值。因其风姿华丽、色彩艳丽、品种繁多、深受大家喜爱,是中国传统名花和世界著名花卉之一。其根皮也被称为丹皮,具有抗炎、抑制血小板、止痛、清热等作用,是六味地黄丸等著名中成药的主要配方,也是饮片中的常用品[1-2]。近年来,随着牡丹种植面积的不断扩大,造成牡丹病害的大面积发生,已给牡丹生产带来严重影响。     

2019—2020年苏浙皖三省小麦叶锈菌群体的致病类型鉴定及毒性结构分析

为持续控制小麦叶锈病及促进小麦的抗叶锈病育种工作,2019—2020年自江苏、浙江和安徽3个省采集自然感叶锈病的小麦病叶,经分离获得小麦叶锈菌单孢分离物,利用43个小麦叶锈病鉴别寄主材料对其致病类型进行鉴定,并对其毒性结构进行分析。结果显示,从170份小麦叶锈菌单孢分离物中共鉴定出67个致病类型,主要致病类型为THS、SHJ、PHS和SHS,出现频率分别为8.8%、7.6%、5.9%和5.9%。江苏、浙江和安徽3个省的单孢分离物对携带抗叶锈基因Lr10、Lr12、Lr22a、Lr22b、Lr29、Lr33、Lr35和Lr36的鉴别寄主材料的苗期毒性频率均超过90.0%,而对携带抗叶锈基因Lr9、Lr24、Lr25、Lr28、Lr38、Lr40、Lr41、Lr42、Lr43和Lr13+3ka的鉴别寄主材料的苗期毒性频率均小于10.0%。卡方检验及Fisher精确检验显示,3个省小麦叶锈菌群体对抗叶锈基因Lr1、Lr2a、Lr3、Lr14b、Lr18、Lr21、Lr26、Lr27+31、Lr32和Lr37的毒力存在显著分化。浙江省小麦叶锈菌群体具有较少的毒性因子（4.73）和毒性值（600...     

桑叶和桑枝综合利用概况

近年来,桑叶和桑枝的综合利用研究取得较大进展。桑树资源的开发利用,具有广泛的生态、经济和社会效益,对促进传统蚕桑产业的转型升级具有重要意义。桑叶富含多种保健和营养成分,桑叶茶和桑叶饲料开发已初具规模;桑枝资源丰富,成本低廉,桑枝食用菌栽培、桑枝地板、桑枝造纸以及桑枝制药原料已初见成效。     

桑叶黄酮类化合物提取方法研究

选择水或 70 %乙醇溶剂 ,微波处理或非微波处理桑叶的各种方法提取桑叶总黄酮。研究结果表明 :经微波处理 1 0min桑叶 ,以 70 %乙醇作溶剂提取桑叶总黄酮的浸出率最高。     

毛新杨×毛白杨叶片表型和春季萌芽时间QTL分析

以毛新杨无性系TB0 1×毛白杨无性系LM5 0的回交子代 12 0株个体为作图群体 ,对控制叶片表型性状如叶长、叶宽、叶面积和叶柄长以及春季萌芽时间共 5个性状的数量性状位点 (quantitativetraitloci,QTLs)进行分析。运用AFLP标记技术结合拟测交作图策略构建了含有 393个AFLP标记的毛白杨及毛新杨的遗传连锁框架图。毛白杨遗传图上共含有 2 4 7个AFLP标记位点 ,连锁位点覆盖毛白杨基因组总长约 32 6 5 1cM ,而毛新杨遗传连锁图上共含有 14 6个标记位点 ,连锁位点覆盖毛新杨基因组总长约 1992cM ,这些连锁图的每一连锁群上含有的标记数为 4～ 30个。在此基础上 ,利用区间作图软件共检测到控制叶片表型性状的QTLs14个 ,位于 9个连锁群上 ;而对于春季萌芽时间共检测到 3个QTLs,分别位于 3个不同的连锁群上。在检测到的 17个QTLs中 ,每一QTL可解释表型变异的 7 6 %～ 15 8%。此外 ,发现控制叶长、叶宽和叶面积等相关性状的QTLs位于相同的基因组区域 ,这些QTLs主要位于毛白杨遗传连锁图的TLG2和TLG11以及毛新杨连锁图的TBLG1连锁群上。据控制叶片表型和春季萌芽时间的QTLs所处的基因组区域 ,可推测叶片表型和春季萌芽时间这两类性状是由各自相应的基因控制。